As we know, many viruses, including Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever, etc., are transmitted by insect vectors. While these insects carry the virus, they do not necessarily exhibit any symptoms of infection. Due to the importance of these insects in the transmission of viruses, researchers have been looking into how the insect vector responds to different viral infections. A recent study using fruit flies has shown that depending on how the insects are infected, they have different immune responses.
In order to infect an insect for viral transmission to other species, the virus has to be able to replicate. Just like humans, insects also have ways of defending themselves against infection. One way insects do this is by preventing the virus from translating its genome. The other way insects protect themselves is through bacteria that they host.
When studying infections in insects, typically to mimic bites from other insects, which is the usual route of transmission of the virus, the researchers infect their model organisms using injections. However, in nature, often the route of transmission is oral and occurs when the insect consumes food that contains the virus.
Recently, it has been discovered that the immune response that occurs when the virus is transmitted to insects orally is different from when it is injected. When oral consumption of the virus occurs, the immune response that occurs is mostly regulated by the Toll pathways. When injection of the virus occurs, the Toll pathways are not activated as much and play a less important role in the response against infection. One difference between the routes of transmission, however, is the amount of time it takes for the virus to spread through the organism. With injection, likely due to the ease at which the virus enters the circulatory system, the infection becomes systemic much quicker than when the virus is consumed. When consumption of the virus occurs, the infection takes a few days to take hold.
One lesson to be learned from this research is that often studies done in labs are not necessarily indicative of responses in the real world. The protocols themselves often bias the results researchers find, as in this case. This caution should be applied to all studies. Organisms are often more complicated than what can feasibly be replicated in the lab.
-Anna
http://www.biologynews.net/archives/2014/12/04/response_to_viral_infections_depends_on_the_entry_route_of_the_virus.html
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
5 comments:
I has suffered for Human papillomavirus HPV) for 2years, I was given some tablets at the hospital but I refused to take it, They said I have to be on it for life so I don't want take a drugs everyday for life. No point in taking medicine everyday when u won't get cure from it and I was advice to seek for natural herbal cure, after some time I found dr onokun is the most trustful herbalist that have herbs to cure wicked symptom's,I emailed dr onokun, for 2weeks been his patient he cured my (HPV) with his herbal. I only used his natural herbs for two weeks it was 100% cure. I'm not (HPV) patient anymore. I'm happy about it i finally got cured out of this mess been in my body for 2years. I also recommend you if you're living with (HPV) or herpes symptoms i also want you to be free contact dr onokun with the email attach to my post. dronokunherbalcure@gmail.com
I am so happy how Robinson Buckler cured me from Herpes virus and Hepatitis-b, since 4 year ago i was effected with herpes simplex virus 1 and hepatitis-b, and i have taken all manner of drugs prescribed to me by several doctors,but all my effort was wasted,i cried all day thinking on how i can be cured of this illness, i lost hope while i was looking for solution for my health,but one faithful day, i was searching the internet i came across several testimonies about Robinson Buckler,and how he has cure so many effected individual ,so i try and contact his email and asked him for solution about my herpes simplex virus 1 and he started the preparation to my cure,to my greatest surprise after two weeks, i was totally cure by his powerful herbal medicine,i never believe that i could be cure from this wicked disease until i met Robinson Buckler i’m very grateful to you and i know your herbal medicine will save more millions of lives. his email Address Robinson buckler, …Whatsapp phone number +1 (502) 443 8691....https://www.robinbuckler.com
Hi, is a true life experience is not designed to convince you its a personal health experience, sometimes medical doctors take a different approach about herpes treatment. i has been stocked in bondage with herpes for two years and four months i has tried different means to eliminate this sickness because it surely has distract me even with the world, and i was told there is no cure, but only medicine for treatment all the possible ways i has tried was treatment, two months back i did some herpes research and i found amazing testimonies concerning natural herbal cure, and i go for it through the email address from the post just to give a try of herbal treatment, and i found it grate without delay i got cured with natural treatment from doc Onokun herbal cure his cure are powerful and shows out excellent result. and i think everyone suffering with herpes and others symptoms should also know about this cure from, Dronokunherbalcure@gmail.com
I was diagnosed of herpes virus, I have tried all possible means to get cure but all my effort proved abortive, until a friend of mine introduced me to a herbal doctor called Dr Agaba, who prepare herbal medicine to cure all kind of diseases including herpes virus (Herpes), when i contacted this herbal doctor via email, he sent me herpes virus herbal medicine via courier service, when i received the herbal medicine he gave me step by step instructions on how to apply it, when i applied it as instructed i was totally cured from the virus within 3 weeks of usage. Contact this great herbal doctor today to get your cure.
Via Email: Dragabasolutionhome@gmail.com or WhatApp: +2349074536486
Happiness is all i see now I never thought that I will be cured from HERPES virus again. I have been suffering from a deadly disease (HERPES) for the past 3 years now, I had spent a lot of money going from one places to another, from churches to churches, hospitals have been my home every day residence. Constant checks up have been my hobby not until this faithful day, I was searching through the internet, I saw a testimony on how DR agaba helped someone in curing his HERPES disease, quickly I copied his email which is Dragabasolutionhome@gmail.com just to give him a test I spoke to him, he asked me to do some certain things which I did, he told me that he is going to provide the herbal cure to me, which he did, then he asked me to go for medical checkup after some days after using the herbal cure, behold I was free from the deadly disease, he only asked me to post the testimony through the whole world, faithfully am doing it now, please brothers and sisters, he is great, I owe him in return. if you are having a similar problem just email him on : Dragabasolutionhome@gmail.com or WhatApp: +2349074536486
Post a Comment