A new method that can precisely track the
replication of yellow fever virus in individual host immune cells has been
developed by researchers. The technique could aid the development of new
vaccines against a range of viruses, including Dengue and Zika. Firstly,
a bit of background on yellow fever: Yellow fever virus is a member of the
flavivirus family that also includes Dengue and Zika virus. The virus, which is
thought to infect a variety of cell types in the body, causes up to 200,000
cases of yellow fever every year, despite the widespread use of a highly
effective vaccine. The vaccine consists of a live, attenuated form of the virus
called YFV-17D, whose RNA genome is nearly identical to the virulent strain.
This slight difference in the attenuated virus' genome may subtly alter
interactions with the host immune system so that it induces a protective immune
response without causing disease. In investigating the spread of yellow
fever, researchers at Princeton University adapted a technique, called RNA
Prime flow, that can detect RNA molecules within individual cells. They used
the technique to track the presence of replicating viral particles in various
immune cells circulating in the blood of infected mice. Mice are usually
resistant to the virus, but researchers found that even the attenuated YFV-17D
strain was lethal if the transcription factor STAT1, part of the antiviral
interferon signaling pathway, was removed from mouse immune cells. The finding
suggests that interferon signaling within immune cells protects mice from
yellow fever, and that species-specific differences in this pathway allow the
virus to replicate in humans and certain other primates but not mice. Using
their viral RNA flow technique, the researchers determined that the virus can
replicate inside certain human immune cell types, including B lymphocytes and
natural killer cells, in which the virus has not been detected previously. By
applying this technology to other viruses, we can potentially better understand
the dynamics in the epidemiology of the increasingly prevent ARBO viruses.
-Ethan Wentworth
1 comment:
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