Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife Research have
essentially done a large scale screen of neurons to see which genes play a key
role in sensitivity to Rabies virus infection. In a very ambitious, 5 year
project, they utilized murine embryonic stem cells from a previously generated library
of mutant stem cells that is classically used to generate knockout mice. Thus, they had thousands of different lines of
stem cells, each theoretically containing a mutation in a different gene. The
researchers then differentiated each of these stem cell lines into neurons so
they could test their varying susceptibility to rabies virus infection.
Fluorescently labeled rabies virus was given to each of
these neuronal cell lines containing a single genetic mutation. Then, after a
few days, they analyzed the amount of fluorescence in each of the rabies
infected cell lines. Lots of fluorescence correlates with high sensitivity to
rabies, while little fluorescence implies a resistance against the virus. With this
method, the researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife Research were able to
identify 63 candidate genes that may play a role in the progression of rabies
virus in the body.
While rabies virus was used in this case, this technique of
screening stem cells can be applied to a lot of different infectious agents in
order to help us better understand how these pathogens interact with different
human genes.
-
Eddie
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