Yesterday, November 18th, a six month Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ended. The outbreak occurred in rural communities in the rain forest as well as urban communities, each with their own challenges. Resources were strained with the COVID-19 response. Some communities were only accessible by boat or helicopter. And some communities were resistant to vaccination and treatment efforts. In order to control the outbreak, the WHO vaccinated 40,000 people at high risk. Interestingly, to keep the vaccinations at -80 degrees Celsius, the WHO used an innovative cold chain storage. This was accomplished through the use of ARKTEK freezers, which kept the vaccine in cold temperatures in the field, even in communities without electricity.
While responding to COVID-19 in addition to Ebola has presented a challenge, innovations like this present opportunities to address both threats. This cold chain storage could also be used to distribute vaccines for COVID-19 in rural communities in Africa.
We can also learn from the emergency preparedness that the WHO has worked on in Africa to respond to Ebola. Four days after this outbreak of Ebola, vaccination efforts were mobilized. The response took advantage of local health workers with experience in previous outbreaks, as well as using vaccinators who were almost all from local communities. These local workers visited households and provided important health information.
The Ebola response in Africa has come out of repeated tests and evolved as many challenges were encountered. We can learn a lot about how we should implement a COVID-19 response from the lessons they have learned in responding to Ebola. Obviously technologies like the ARKTEK freezer have potential to make a difference in the COVID response. But additionally, the idea of providing health information to local responders could be just as pivotal. Currently, our only tool against COVID is behavioral interventions. These require acceptance in local communities, which could best be achieved by local responders who know their own community and culture best.
-Olivia
https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/11th-ebola-outbreak-democratic-republic-congo-declared-over
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/11/temperature-concerns-could-slow-rollout-new-coronavirus-vaccines
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