Large bacteria-killing viruses with capabilities usually attributable to living organisms have been discovered, confusing the separation between microbes, considered life, and viruses. These bacteriophages are of bigger and more complex than previously known phages, and contain genes typically seen in bacteria, which these large phages deploy versus the bacterial host. The genome of the largest phage is 735,000 base-pairs long, meaning roughly 15 times larger than previously known phages, and even larger than the genomes of many bacteria.
The genomes of these large phages include components of the CRISPR system that bacteria use to fight viruses, including the Cas9 protein that has been utilized for gene editing. It appears these phages implant their own CRISPR components into bacterial cells to redirect the bacterial CRISPR system against other viruses in a kind of interviral warfare.
In addition to coding for many previously unknown proteins, these large phages contain genes that code for tRNAs and initiate translation. Herein lies one of the ways these newly discovered large phages blur the line between virus and life. “Typically, what separates life from non-life is to have ribosomes and the ability to do translation; that is one of the major defining features that separate viruses and bacteria, non-life and life,” said Berkeley researcher, Sachdeva.
~~ Pete Dailey
The genomes of these large phages include components of the CRISPR system that bacteria use to fight viruses, including the Cas9 protein that has been utilized for gene editing. It appears these phages implant their own CRISPR components into bacterial cells to redirect the bacterial CRISPR system against other viruses in a kind of interviral warfare.
In addition to coding for many previously unknown proteins, these large phages contain genes that code for tRNAs and initiate translation. Herein lies one of the ways these newly discovered large phages blur the line between virus and life. “Typically, what separates life from non-life is to have ribosomes and the ability to do translation; that is one of the major defining features that separate viruses and bacteria, non-life and life,” said Berkeley researcher, Sachdeva.
~~ Pete Dailey
6 comments:
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