Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Disease name vs. virus name for the coronavirus

Last week I reported that the WHO proposed COVID-19 as the official name for the new coronavirus. This week, reports came to my attention distinguishing the name of the disease vs. that of the virus causing the outbreak.

COVID-19 is the name of the disease, not the virus. The virus responsible for the disease is slated with the name SARS-CoV-2.  The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) proposed “SARS-CoV-2” in a preprinted article awaiting peer review, as reported by Wired.

“SARS-CoV-2” seems like an apt candidate for a secure password rather than a name that is easily remembered. However, it does point to the similarities of COVID-19 with the previous outbreak of SARS and MERS.

A separate article reports that a team of biologists has annotated three genomes of the current coronavirus, identifying the differences and similarities with the previous outbreaks of SARS (2003) and MERS-CoV (2012). Researchers have found that “there are only five nucleotide differences—in a total genome of about 29,800 nucleotides,” suggesting a similarity in the viruses’ pathogenicity and transmissibility.

Furthermore, the researchers determined that the current coronavirus is more closely related to SARS and more distantly related to MERS. The study could help scientists understand how coronaviruses can jump into humans, and whether or not transmission to humans in the virus’ final jump. One researcher cited that control of SARS was partially due to the fact that SARS didn’t get into other animals such as dogs and cats.

The WHO has stated that case fatality rates of COVID-19 are at 2% or less.

SARS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome

 Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus

~~ Janette Canare

Sources:

“Coronavirus Has a Name: The Deadly Disease Is Covid-19," WIRED. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://www.wired.com/story/coronavirus-has-a-name-the-deadly-disease-is-covid-19/.

“Scientists Compare Novel Coronavirus with SARS and MERS Viruses,” The Scientist Magazine. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/scientists-compare-novel-coronavirus-to-sars-and-mers-viruses-67088.

“How COVID-19 Kills: The New Coronavirus Disease Can Take A Deadly Turn,” NPR.org. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/14/805289669/how-covid-19-kills-the-new-coronavirus-disease-can-take-a-deadly-turn.

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