Friday, January 11, 2019

A Tale of Two Flaviviruses


Virology in 2016 and 2017 saw a great deal of attention paid towards Zika Virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in the Americas. In addition, recent introduction of West Nile virus to the Americas as of 1999 sees the field of virology and infectious disease adapting to the potential for these infections in a wide variety of patient populations. Work very recently published by Robinson, Enriquez, and Ho synthesized a body of work surrounding the development of WNV and ZIKV in the Americas, specifically as infection and standards of treatment apply to Solid Organ Transplantation (SOT) patient populations. Given the knowledge that WNV and ZIKV are both flaviviruses, the analysis of incidence and epidemiology involved in flavivirus infection in SOT patients is essential to the development of therapeutic techniques for these types of infections. This review is novel in that it holistically reviews cases of flavivirus infection in SOT, where donor-derived disease and increased disease severity are continuing to be fully understood in immunocompromised patient populations. In analyzing these two sources of disease within the same context as a viral family, insight was gained as to the progress that has been made in the field regarding SOT infectious disease as a whole and suggests potential next steps for development of diagnostics and treatments for flaviviruses. As clinical and scientific understanding of this virus develops, it is essential for practicing physicians to continue to develop protocols to protect SOT and immunocompromised patients, in addition to driving research into the afflictions that do not have optimal treatments. Work continues to try and develop vaccines and treatments for the diseases caused by these flaviviruses, and has resulted in many new types of Immunoglobulin based assays for the detection of viral titers in patients. This work is especially important for the immunocompromised patient and SOT communities, as limited data suggests that both WNV and ZIKV infections become exaggerated and more dangerous for these populations. Future work also continues to focus on the treatment of mosquito vectors to prevent their spread of the disease, with researchers finding new ways to either combat the disease within the mosquito or to combat the mosquito itself, much like the work of those combatting Yellow Fever in the late 1800's.
Source: Robinson ML, Enriquez K, Ho DY. A Tale of Two Flaviviruses: West Nile Virus and Zika Virus in Solid Organ Transplantation. OBM Transplantation 2019;3(1):32; doi:10.21926/obm.transplant.1901038.

~Kyle Enriquez

17 comments:

Luci Amber said...

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Jason Ruth said...

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Anonymous said...


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sajjan said...

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sophia lee said...

Hi Friends i am so glad to writing this article today to tell the world how Dr Emmanuel cured my HSV VIRUS,i have been detected with HSV-1 AND HSV-2 since five years ago, ever since then my life has been in complete bizarre and agony,i have used so many drugs that was prescribed to me by several doctors,but it didn't cure my HSV VIRUS neither did it reduce the pain,until a certain i was checking for solution in the internet,then miraculously came across Dr Emmanuel the powerful herbalist that cure numerous individuals HSV-1 AND HSV-2 INFECTION,then i contacted his whatsApp number at +2348140073965 or email: nativehealthclinic@gmail.com i explained everything to him and prepared a cure that cure my HSV-1 AND HSV-2 disease totally after receiving his herbal medicine, so my friends viewers why wait and be suffer when there is someone like Dr Emmanuel that can cure any disease HIV/ CANCER/ HEPATITIS B VIRUS, you can contact his via : nativehealthclinic@gmail.com. or WHATSAPP +2348140073965 GOD BLESS YOU ALL?

lawson morgan said...

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M. Mary said...

My boyfriend and I met three years ago on herpes dating site so we discovered we are +ve from the beginning of our relationship, that we both had genital herpes. My first outbreak was the ABSOLUTE worst experience, I was so sick. We suffered for one year plus, had constant outbreaks and then finally we decided to both respectively take Dr Utu African Traditional Herbs as advised by friends. His herb is Not much bitter or sour taste.
Dosage two times daily every day for four weeks, and honest to goodness it was a miraculous herbs. We were on it for not more than two weeks when we noticed total change. 'couldn't wait for four weeks. It was third week and five days we used the herbs. Then we went for test and was already hsv2 negative, the both of us. Neither of us have had any lesion, outbreak or symptoms till date.
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Raj Chandrakant said...


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John Williams said...

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I had a sudden onset of cold sores and a new one was appearing each day. I'm on primary immunosuppressant I noticed my body just can't fight this virus on its own. After five days of treatment and no success I suspected herpes I went for test and it was confirmed. I knew I was in trouble as I've already lost appetite for everything about life I've heard of people who suffered this disease for years with no hope of solution. Imagine the pain and trauma keeping it a secret. God was my strength I met a doctor for treatment who after telling him of my ailment he advised me to start with herbal medicines if I wish to live longer than doctors estimate He taught me the strong effects of plants on animals and how possible nature have perfected itself. He gave me Dr Utu's contact. I contacted him immediately, I told him the whole history which he gave me satisfactory answer. I purchased and started using his herbs as he had directed. This medication was far amazing that within 24-48 hrs the blisters were crusting over. The swelling and redness was decreasing as well. I continued on dosage as prescribed one week later I noticed total comfort in my body system, I informed the doctor who advised me to continue medication till later end I was on four weeks herpes medication which I completed before going for test. I went for herpes test and then again back to my doctor who confirmed me herpes negative it was really like a dream. What a relief! I thank you greatly Dr Utu for giving me back my life I'm the happiest man on earth. Reach Dr Utu directly via email: drutuherbalcure@gmail.com. TO CURE YOUR DISEASES WITH HERBAL MEDICINES

Michelle Buff said...

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ava noah said...

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Charlotte said...

I'm very happy being Herpes free now. It was a sad incident that was announced to me after the check up in the hospital and I was diagnosed of HSV 2. I thank God now for using Dr.odey Abang to cure my virus. I'm not ashamed to say this because no virus of such can be detected in me. I'm Charlotte from Columbia. I thought about it many Times when I heard about this Herbal cures for Herpes. I was really happy when I came across blogs of comments of Doctors who run cures sicknesses and was comfortable to try Dr. Abang from patients testimony I came across here on my online page. I knew now they are real Africa herbalists who run cures for Herpes. There's every opportunity to be cure with natural herbs, because all medical prescriptions are derived from herbs and roots. Its really hard time living with Herpes on drugs which can't get you cure. I tried this and I can boost of myself now as a woman. I need to be loved not to lost, get your instant cure to all sicknesses from Dr, Odey Abang.
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Christina N. said...

I found out, that taking herbal treatment is the best to get rid of hpv as soon as i feel the symptoms of hpv is appearing, i took the healing process by contacting Dr onokun for natural treatment it works wonders, amazingly ever since I had the herbal treatment i have not feel these horrible disease anymore and my doc told me the virus is gone, i am glad i finally got cured out from this horrible disease. every hpv or herpes patients should also get in touch with this herbalist Dr to get ride of these disease forever his email address; dronokunherbalcure@gmail.com 

Tamara Barrow said...

Greetings to everyone reading this testimony, I am Dan Morgan, i am here to
testify of a great man who was able to cure me permanently from herpes
Disease just with his herbal medicine,i have been herpes Positive for 5
years before i came across Dr voodoo Email on the internet on how he has
been using his herbal medicine to treat and cure patients from different
virus, so i contacted him and i explain to him concerning my problem, i
followed up with the instructions he gave me and he urge me to have faith
in his words that he was going to restore my health back, after some couple
of days Dr voodoo sent me some medicine which he gave me prescription on
how to take for 2 weeks, to make the long story short, I have been
confirmed Negative from my recent test in the hospital, just within 2 weeks
Dr voodoo was able to make me healthy and see reasons to live again, though
science says there is no cure, i believe God has sent this great man to
save people, you can all contact him for his medicine, he has presently
been treating diseases like,CANCER,BLOOD DISEASE,DIABETES,HIV,TYPHOID, and
many others, you can contact this man on voodoospelltemple66@gmail.com.or
add him on whatsApp +2348140120719, God
Bless you sir!

amosharrison said...

Hi Friends i am so glad to writing this article today to tell the world how Dr odoma cured my HSV VIRUS,i have been detected with HSV-1 AND HSV-2 since five years ago, ever since then my life has been in complete bizarre and agony,i have used so many drugs that was prescribed to me by several doctors,but it didn't cure my HSV VIRUS neither did it reduce the pain,until a certain i was checking for solution in the internet,then miraculously came across Dr odoma the powerful herbalist that cure numerous individuals HSV-1 AND HSV-2 INFECTION,then i contacted his whatsApp number at +2348100649947 or email:drodomasolutionhome20@gmail.com    i explained everything to him and prepared a cure that cure my HSV-1 AND HSV-2 disease totally after receiving his herbal medicine, so my friends viewers why wait and be suffer when there is someone like Dr odoma that can cure any disease HIV/ CANCER/ HEPATITIS B VIRUS, you can contact his via : drodomasolutionhome20@gmail.com?. or WHATSAPP +2348100649947