Recent studies from the NIH have shown that the mosquito protein AEG12 can strongly inhibit the flaviviridae family viruses such as dengue, West Nile, and Zika virus. The study also showed the protein to weakly inhibit coronaviruses. How this protein accomplishes this task is by breaking down the viral envelope and the protective coverings which could lead to potential therapeutics for millions of people across the world who have contracted enveloped viruses but less so against naked viruses.
Dr. Geoffrey Mueller, the head of the NIEHS Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Group, said the group figured out the AEG12 structure by utilizing X-ray crystallography and that at the molecular level AEG12 wreaks havoc on the membrane by stealing the lipids which hold the virus together. Thus, through great disruption, the AEG12 protein can kill some viruses with great efficacy. The downside to these results showing success in flaviviruses and minor success in coronaviruses is that therapies would take years to make the compound successful within humans. The issue comes from the fact that AEG12 splits open red blood cells so it would have to be genetically engineered to avoid that drastic outcome.
This new finding, although not going to revolutionize treatments at least in the near future, is an exciting foray into how discovering proteins from insects and animals can contribute to human therapeutics. The "One Health" approach into looking at animals and insects and how viruses interact with them should be heavily on the radar of scientists looking for treatments for human ailments. To understand the structure of a protein can be pivotal in its ability to help treat diseases.
-Sammy
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210310/Mosquito-protein-study-could-lead-to-therapeutics-against-deadly-viruses.aspx
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