There have been over 30 outbreaks of "High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza" (HPAI) in poultry and wild fowl in Japan since October 30, 2020 alone. Influenza A virus H5N8, a virus commonly known as one of the HPAIV has caused the outbreak. In order to keep this virus from spreading, uncovering the route for introduction of the virus is essential as is finding out how to halt its transmission route.
At Hokkaido University, with Professor Yoshihiro at the helm, scientists found one possible route of introduction of HPAIV into Japan. The route they discovered was via migratory birds coming from Europe. They also concurrently found that human anti-influenza drugs could be used to treat the virus in poultry and foul, as opposed to killing the birds. HPAI in poultry leads to large economic and material losses, and the main way to control the spread is usually by killed all the infected birds. The virus can also infect wild birds in zoos and sanctuaries which would lead to the death of potential endangered species.
Scientists collected duck samples from Lake Komuke in Hokkaido in October 2020. The H5N8 presence was molecularly confirmed, which was related to outbreaks in Europe in 2019 and 2020 as well as variants in Korea and Japan. They ascertained from this that it must have spread due to migratory birds going from Europe to Asia in a ten month span. A pressing concern is that there is yet another H5N8 variant wreaking havoc in Europe which could mean that the north is a reservoir for the disease.
As a Humans and Viruses student, an equally and if not more pressing concern is the relationship between HPAI and influenza in humans, given that strains from poultry have made the cross into humans before. For example, in February 2021 in Russia a zoonotic strain emerged within the human population. Thus, halting the spread of HPAI not only has implications for the poultry market, but for entire human populations as well. Given we are currently in a pandemic, viral surveillance especially in animals should be of the utmost importance.
As for controlling virus spread in animals, the findings of two antivirals baloxavir carboxyl and peramivir being used to treat HPAI is very peculiar and could have implications for future outbreak situations. BXM and permavir drugs were both successful in improving survival outcomes for infected poultry. As for now, however, the strongest method to stop transmission is to enact surveillance measures and continue to look at migratory birds. Finding suitable treatment is also a key step into not damaging the poultry industry or human populations with deadly diseases. - Sammy
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210311123449.htm
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