Scientists at UCSF, University of Colorado School of
Medicine, and the California Department of Public Health have been trying to
identify the culprit of a paralyzing virus that has affected more than 200
children since 2014, including many Bay Area children. In humans, the course of
the illness began with a flu-like syndrome followed by paralysis in one or more
limbs that resulted in permanent damage. In 2014, 120 cases were found in 34
states. Only 21 cases occurred in 2015, which is apparently on par with the
national average. However, in 2016, 132 cases of sudden paralysis were reported
in 37 states. This points to a cyclical nature in the virus’ life cycle, which we’ve
encountered for many viruses in this course.
Scientists suspected that the culprit virus would be an enterovirus
since the symptoms resembled poliomyelitis. A few children tested positive for
Enterovirus D68, but the association with the disease appeared to be weak. However,
Enterovirus D68 has been increasing in prevalence in the United States, which
has renewed interest in investigating the virus.
It had been discovered that the virus had been mutating
since the 1960s that have resulted in an increase in virulence and possibility
of causing paralysis. Lab mice exposed to the new strains Enterovirus D68
developed paralysis in at least one limb a few days later. Exposure to the old
strains of Enterovirus D68 did not produce the same result. Autopsy of the
exposed mice showed that the virus was located in the cells of the spinal cord
that control the paralyzed limbs. This provides a possible explanation for why
the virus couldn’t be isolated in most of the children’s spinal fluid. Perhaps
if spinal cord biopsies were taken, the virus could have been isolated sooner. However,
spinal cord biopsies are extremely risky.
A promising finding from these studies is that mice given
antibodies from exposed mice appeared to be protected from the virus, which
points to the possibility of developing a vaccine.
~Jazzmin
Read more here: http://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/Science-closing-in-on-polio-like-virus-that-10961180.php
2 comments:
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