An outbreak of H1N1 has killed more than 1,200 people in
India since December of 2014. A study done by researchers at MIT has indicated
that the virus may have mutated enough such that it is a more dangerous version
of the virus than the strains of H1N1 that have been circulating recently. Unfortunately
there is has been relatively little data gathered concerning the influenza
strains circulating in India. The hemagglutanin protein of influenza, which
determines its tropism, has only been sequenced from two influenza strains in
India in the past two years. Thus, it is very difficult to determine the amount
this new strain has changed from previous ones that had been circulating in the
area. However, information from these two sequences is enough to be concerning
according to the researchers at MIT.
Recent circulating strains of H1N1 in India contain a mutation
in amino acid D225; mutations in this position have been linked to increased
virus severity. There is also a mutation in amino acid T200A; this mutation permits
hemagglutinin to bind more tightly to host glycan receptors, increasing
infectivity. It is still unclear if it is the H1N1 strain with these specific
mutations that is the one causing the current outbreak of influenza in India,
but this possibility is very plausible. This lack of surveillance over the past
few years has made it difficult to assess what the proper response to the
outbreak should be. Influenza surveillance in this region should be expected to
increase in the near future.
-
Eddie
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